CELL
Cell basic structure and fundamental unit of life.
The study of cell is called CYTOLOGY
Cell was first discovered by ROBERT HOOK.
In 1665 Robert Hook discovered a dead cell
In 1674 LEEUWENHOEK discover free living cell
Schilden and Schwan established cell theory in the year 1838-39
Cell are of two types
1.Prokaryotic cell
2 . Eukaryotic cell
Structure of cell
Just like animals have their organ cell have some organialls
Cell Wall
It is only present in plant cell
It is rigid structure and it provides
rigidity to the cell
It is non living and premeable.
Cell Membrane
It is also called plasma membrane.
It forms the outer covering of animal cell and in plant it is found within the cell wall.
It is thin ,elastic , living , double layered, premeable membrane.
It regulates the movement of molecules inside and outside the cell.
Protoplasma
The whole fluid present inside the plasma membrane is Protoplasma
The name Protoplasma is given by Purkenje in 1839.
Protoplasma is made up of various chemical substances and 80% of Protoplasma is water
Protoplasma is divided into two parts 1. Cytoplasm2. Nucleoplasm
Mitochondria
Discovered by Altman in the year 1886.
These are cylindrical road shaped and sperical structure found in cytoplasma.
Inner membrane has many folds called cristate
It help in cellular respiration and synthesis
energy rich compound ATP
Mitochondria is consider as prokaryotic cell inside eukaryotic cells.
MITOCHONDRIA is also known as
Powerhouse of the cell.
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparature
Discovered by scientists Camilo Golgi
It is made up of tubes vesicles and vacuoles.
In plant it is more in number known as dictyosomes
It works as storage processing and packaging of material.
It also involve in the synthesis of cell wall , plasma membrane, and lysomes
It help in synthesis of glycoprotein.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Membranous network of tubeles like structure found in cytoplasma.
It is attached with the nucleous on one side and on other side it is joined with the plasma membran.
It help in distribution of material and it forms supporting framework of cell.
Ribosomes
Discovered by polare.
Small granual like
Structure found Attached to
To the endoplasmic Reticulum and in free state
It is made up of r.n.a.
It take part in protein Synthesis .
Lysosome
Discovered by De Five.
These are sac like structure bounded by single membre and contain hydrolytic enzyme.
It help in intracellular digestion.
The enzyme found in it may digest the entire cell also known as sucidal bag .
CENTROSOME
It is only found in animal cell.
It take part in cell division.
It is not bounded by cell membrane consist of two centriole
Plastid
It is only found in plant cell.
It is of three type
Chloroplast
Green pigment involve in photosynthesis
Chromoplast
Provide various colour of the plant like flowers and fruits
Leucoplast
It is colourless found in root and underground stems
It store food in the form of starch, fat , and protein
Vacuole
It is fluid filled single membrane bounded organelle of cell
In plant cell it is large in size in animal cell it is small in size
It help in osmoregulation and store toxic metabolic waste.
Nucleus
It is spherical, centrally located , major structur , found in the cell .
It is bounded by double layered nuclear membrane having pores.
It control all the activities of the cell so it is also known as control room of the cell .
Within nucleoplasm nucleous and chromatin materials is presented.
By :-Nikita Verma
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